Internal-combustion engine



Dec. 7, 1948.

R. J. JOHNSTON ET AL INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINE `2 Sheets-Sheet l FiledJuly 26, 1946 Dec. 7, 1948.

Filed July 26, 1946 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 `adv-ance mechanism'jof theengine.`

Patented Dec. 7, 1948 oFr-ICE W "IN'rERNALJooMBUsTIoN ENGINE l a RalphJohnston and Arthur R.

j Pontiac, Mich.

Novotney,

sppiicationraly 26,1946, saisine. 686,541`

This invention relates `tointernal `combustion engines and particularlyto* two-cycle engines;

One object of this invention is to provide a two-cycle engine whereinthe speed of the engine is automatically controlled by regulating thespark `2o claims. (cl. 12s-99) Another object is to provide a two-cycleengine of the flywheel magneto typerwherein the timer plate of themagneto ismechanically connected" to the fuel intake s o that `thefuelfeed andjthere`` fore the speed of the engine is directly controlledin response totheadjustment of" the `magneto timerplate.

Another objectis to provide a two-cycle 'engine 15 havingits fuelsupplyaadmitted to thecrankcase chamber thru'g'hya poppet valve,` theextent of opening of which is controlled in response to* the aadjustment ofthe spark advance"mechanism- Another object istoprovide atwo-cycle engine,

as set forth in theobj ect immediately preceding, wherein the rangeofopeningof thepoppet valve" is limited by an adjustable `stopoperativelyconnected to the magneto timer "control plateof the flywheelmagneto" with" "whi'chi the `engine is equipped so that the adjustmentofthe timer plate moves the movablestop and therefore limits thethrottling of the fuelintakeinto the Crarlkcases. Anotherobjectistoprovidefa tWo-cyclengine,

as set forth in the preeedinglobjects, wherein Ithe liquidfuel isinjctedfintb the crankcaseadjacent the valve seat of thel'poppet v"a1vecontrolling fthe l air'intake passageway; I `V l Another objectistoprovidea twofcyce engine,` as set forth inthe precedingobjects,`wherein the air inlet passageway iscontrolled by'a simple`r`o"` tary perforateddisc valve andwherein the engine as awhole'issimilarly?characterized by the small number of workingfpats andsimplicity Ofj` design."

other` `@tiem andi-advantages `or the invention will become i apparentduring *the course 5f the following description of fthe accompanying"dravv` l ings, wherein:` 1 l l l l Figure ijs jafsideelevation of atwo-cycle in#` ternal combustion engine according to 'a preferred formof `the invlentionQ-wlth the crankcasel shown in` section through alplane passing through the axis I of the a crankshaft land *fuel intakepoppet Valve; I a a l Figurer is aright-handed elevation yof the" engineshown in Figure *liwith theiupper portion thereof inverti-calsectionthrough `a` plane ad# jacentthe connecting" rod of the piston and withthe fuel tank partlybrokenawayto disclose `the vertical fuel;`pipe""lleadin-g therefrom f'to l the" fuel` injector; and

I I 2 l Figure 3 is a horizontal section through the crankcase of theengine shown in Figures 1 and 2 taken along the line 3--3 in Figure 2and illustrating the details of the 'fuel intake poppet valve,

liquid fuel* injector and limiting stop controlled` by the adjustment ofthe magnetotimer plate.`

Referring to the drawings in detail, Figures `1 to 3 inclusive show apreferred form of the twof cycle engine of this invention as generallyincludl ing a base tank unit I0, a fuel intake control unit I'I, acrankcase and cylinder` assembly I2 anda flywheel and fan assembly I3.The base tank unit ID serves to support the remaining units orassemblies as well as to provide a fuel reservoir.`

Thebase tank unit I0 consists of ahollow casting" having `a bottom' WallI4 and side walls I5enclosi`ng afuel chamber I6, the top of which isclosed by a plate llwhich also serves as a basel plate for supportingthe remaining parts of 7 theenginel The base plate I1 is provided with afilling hole I8 closed by a screw cap IB. The chamber IE is providedwith liquid fuel, such as gasolinethrough the filling hole I 8 and, asis conventional in such smalltwo-cycle engines, lubri` cating oil ispreviously mixed with the gasoline toprovide lubrication for theinternal parts of the engine.

Mounted on an upstanding boss 20 on the base plate I1 is the flangedportion 2l of the engine crankc-ase casting 22, the latter being securedto the base plate 'I'I by the bolts 23. The lower portion of thecrankcase casting 22 is hollow and is provided with a chamber 24 (Figure2) terminatingiii a` top wall `25-forrni`ng a partition bei tween thechamber 24 and the crankc-ase chamber 26 immediately above it. The lowerchamber 24 opens into "the upper'part of the fuel chamber I6,

and" in effect,` forms a continuation thereof; l l

The top Wall or partition 25 above the chamber 24 ispmvidedHWith anarcuately curved lower portion 21 into whicha fuel intake chamber 28 ofroughly Irl-shaped cross-section extends down- Wardly from `thecrankcase chamber 26. Lying between the chamber 28and the outer rearsur` face of the crankcase casting 22 is a valve housing portion 29forming a part of the crankcase casting 22 andbounded on its lower sideby the arcuately` curved lower portion 21 of the partition 25;" `Thisvalve housing portion 29 serves toV receive a partof thefuelntakecontrol unit II,`

as described below.

Extending "downwardly fromthe partitionA 25- a'nd integraltherewith isan elongated boss 3UE (Figure 2) having a vertical fuel passageway 3|terminatingatits lower end in a counter bore 32 3 in which the upper endof a fuel conduit 33 is seated and is held in position by the threadedmember 34, the lower portion of the latter being in the form of ahexagonal nut. The fuel con duit 33 is provided with a fuel passageway35 coextensive with the fuel passageway 3| in the boss 30 and openinginto a check valve chamber 35 (Figure 2), Within a check valve`housing31 secured to tlj1`4loi'7ve`r-v 'rid'f of the fuiall conduit "331Mounted in thecheck valve chaml:ver`-."s=6V is a yconventional checkvalve (not shown) arranged to permit now of fuel upward through thepassage ways 35 and 3| and to prevent downward flow thereof. Openings 38in the check valve housing 31 permit fuel to flow from thefullclramber,f8 into the check valve chamber 36, and thence upn` packing vt3compressed by al threaded .plug 4 4 threaded into the vouter portion4'5= of the :needle valve chamber 39.. The needle valve -42 Aisthreaded. las at' 'llik tor engage the correspondingly threaded bore 41of the p'lugM so that when the needle valve 42 .i'srotated by means-cfacrossgpin 48; itspoin'ted tip-4| moves toward or away from its needle'valve; seat i110.,

`llxtending inwardly ffroniythe needlel valve. seat 4U (Figure 3) is" afuel tinjectionpassageway 49., the inner end fof which .opens into thepuppet valve seat "58 of. a fuel intake popllet valve-5|, The-valve seat58 is'of annular conical shape and extendsl lbetween theifuelfintakecham-berJ 2 8 fand l bores 53 arranged in a circular ypath 'around la'central hub 54; 'The latter likewise serves fas a spider arid is boredand threaded 'afs 'at 55 -togreceive .the threaded portion of; a stud;V56 provided with a hexagonal h'ead 51. Rotatablymounted onL the outer'en-d of thestud 5.6 adiacentf thehead 51 f i'slfa perforatedair-,adjustment discA or choke disc-58 having-a plurality of holes 59-alignable with the air passageways 53. The disc in-sprovided with aradially extending hand-left!) by which the disc. 58 maybe rotatedvthrough ra` partial revolutionlimited by the, stops A|3| and .82 (Figure2)', so as to' fully open or partiallyclose' the 1air intake passageway5 3- and thereby .con-l trolthe amount of yair reaching the air `,intakechamber52.- A hole Esinthe outer end'of the handle 60 serves for theattachment of -a-controlm rod I(notxshowrr).A

The inner end of .the studv58- i s-smooth and enters a boref64within'the shank 65 of-'thepoppet valveil :so Vas toiprovideaiguiderodfor thefreciprocation of the puppet valve- '5|. The inner endof the shank `6'5 extends beyond the poppet: valve-5| (Figure 3) andYhas an end wall "66. vA coilspring 6'1 engages thefpoppet'val've 55| andurges the latter into engagementwithits valve seat'r50. Thel opposite-end of the coil spring -61 is `seatedagainst anxannular vWall- 58'(Figure 3)y forming aqzia'rti-tionV between'the inner recess 69 androuter recess of awplug'H havingfia threaded portion 12 threaded .intothecorrespondingly threaded bore "|3- of the -cran'kcase casting 2 2,The wall 68 is provided with a-:central'boregTll through which passesthe .in-nerpportion. of a 'stop pin 1:5y terminating in lan-inner end,16 having an outerthreaded portion 11 threaded into the correspondinglythreaded 4bore 18 inv a glandK v1-9.

4 The latter is threaded as at to engage the correspondingly threadedbore 10 and compress a packing 8| at the inner end `of the recess 1D.

Mounted on the outer end of the stop pin 15 is a radially extending arm82 having a radial slot 83 therein engaged by a pin 84 mounted upon themagneto timer plate 85 which in turn is provided with a hub 86 having abore 81 by which it; is; ldslyqand rotatably r'xtlftid 'pn theforward-end fth ranksl'atw. The timer plate 85 is connected to and formsa part of a cony-wheel magneto (not shown) 'n.the engine ywheel 89,which in ed upon the forward end of the turn is mo zcrank'sl'i'a'ft'-88.'The' rotation of the flywheel 89 (Fi'g; 1l) operates the magneto in aconventional manner toprouidehigh tension electricity for a conventionalvi'gri'itiori system (not shown). The rotatio'nof'the timer plate 85advances or retards the spark for igniting the fuel charge in the eng-me:and-Such rotation is reef-eolie@ by means; ,0f a radial'handlel boltedaant @L to thetimer plate\8 5fa;nd hayingavhole 8 2; 4in-the vouter endthereof (Figure-.2) for the-attachment f 'a controla-@dimi-shownlperllll? opens-mtb 'ammetto l erlangtmanif folli' (egt-Sherpa ahlen mtualeads einer@ amllllraS-lnalarldr installati@ or man underimola hearingslll-5, and' l aires/Peculiar mounted in aligned boresylln andl-l|f883ginthe crankcase' casting 22 (Figure 1) and isfprovfidedj-lwithgcrank webs.lill, lnterwmeedfby la cran-k pin. H0. Ther lower 'ends :of the webs IISterminate in counterweight frrc'ounterbailance; portions Mounted-.uponlthgerard; |20'. is thelower `end |2'of a-:eonnectingrodt'|,3jthe lowerhalf ||4 of the ccninectiugrodilingering(ll usfformedbeing securedw theupper ianml means. of bolts I5; The uppereendpf the connecting rod ||'3is provided with a .beairingf;portion l f8 engaging a wrist pin ||1, theopposite ends of `which are seatedin bores l t8. ingo; hollowpistcn |19.reciprocable within thewcylinderl here |80; The head |2;0\o f the pistontisyprovided with a baille |2| which; serves to idiv ert l 'tineIincoming? fuel gases frerntlie .port 01| away; fromv the-outgoing burntgases escaping through the exhaust port |82. The cylinder 11i` isprom-dee with a threaded bore` |23 forjthe neceptionofgw conventionalspark plus I ZQCQHHwliSd-lw @gewaltsame 1,25 tol-the' Ctmyent'nalfigPitmnsltm lPelZizZd by the rwheelfmaneto inmigrantes@ tlleflwhegl85|,y and eontrolled'gasftojfsparkztiming .by the' magneto timer plate85.

5 In the operation of the engine of this invention, the crankshaft 88 isrotated `by the-usual hand crank or equivalentstartingmechanism `soaseto cause theipiston 9 to reciprocate within the cylinderbore |00, andat the sametime the -ro` tation ofthe nywheel 89 operates the flywheelmagneto to deliver a properlytimed spark to thev spark plug in the sparkplug bore |23. As the piston` ||9 rises, itcreatesfa suction in thecrankcase chambers 26 and 28,"whereuponatmosphericpressure enteringthrough the holes 59,passage-- way 53 and chamber 52 urges the poppetvalve 5| inward Vby overcoming the `opposingthrustof the coilspring 61.i f lib The inward `motion-of i the poppet valve f 5| uncoversthe innerend` of the passagewayf49 leading from the needle valve chamber39l tothepoppet valve seat 50. Thef suction within the crankcase chambers 26 `and`28 `is transmitted to the needle valve passageway 49, past the needlevalve point 4| into theneedle valve chamber" `39, and serves to drawliquidVfuel upward through the vertical fuel passageways 3| `and 35 andcheck valve housing 31 from the fuel tank chamber I6.

It willbe understood, of course, that a suitable air to enter thechamber |6. f i i l "The liquid" fuel passing upward and "inward throughthe passageways and chambers 35,` 3|, 39 and 49 is sprayed into `thecrankcase intake chamber 28 )while it mixes witlr the air entering airvent is provided in the filler cap I9 topermit through the holes 59 and53 and chamber1 52".

The mixture V of' gasoline and f air thus `produced is drawn upwardthrough the cra'rikcase chamber 26, fuel transfer passageways |04` and'|03 and fuel intakel passageway into the explosion"` chamber at theupper end of the cylinder bore 00'when the pistoni I9 descends andcompresses thefcharge `within the crankcase chamber 26. The descentofthepiston |9 and the consequent compression ofthe charge inthe crankcasecham# ber 26,aided by the coil spring poppet valve 5| momentarily."

The subsequent upward motion of the piston ||9 compresses thechargewithin the upperxend of thecylinder bore |00 and when the pistonnears its upper dead center position, a spark fromthe sparkplug in the'sparkplugi bore |23 ignites thecharge and explodes it. The explosionforces the piston" ||9"`downwardly, again` compressinga charge which has`meanwhilebeen drawn into the crank ,caseV chamber 26; past the poppetvalve 5|. When the piston |I9 arrives at the lower end of its stroke, itopens up `the exhaust port |02, the ba|lie`|2| directing the burnt gasesoutwardthrough `the exhaust port |02".` Shortly after the piston "||9opens up `the exhaust sport |02, it also opens" the intakeI port |0`|,admitting `the compressed charge of` fuel gas from the erankcase chamber26 -byyway of the fuel transfer passageways; |04 `and |03; i The"` arebeing discharged through the` exhaust*pint` choke disc 58` is partiallyclosed and reopened after the engine is started.

The engineis `started"` with `the magneto timer plate `85 `in itsretardedposition forjproviding "a` retarded timing of the'spark. Afterthe engine 61, closes `the n 6 is started, the spark is advancedbyswinglng the handle 90 downward (Figure 2), rotating the timer plate85 and pin 84 in a counterciockwise direction.` This action swings thearm 02 to the right (Figure 2) by the co-action of the pin 84" in thes1ot103, rotating the stop pin 15 ina clockwise direotionL This actioncauses the gap to widen between the inner ends 66 and 'I6 of thepoppetvalve 5| and stop pin 15 respectively, per mitting the poppetvalve 5| to move inward a greater distance from its seat 50,`thusadmitting 'a greater charge of gasoline and air tothecrankcaseintake-chamloer 28 and crankcase chamber 26l'1lThe' greatercharge of fuel thus"` admitted causes the engine tofaccelerate. As theengine gathers speed and warms up, the handle portion 60 of the chokedisc 58 may be swung downward to admit va greater proportion of air tothe fuel mixture. l As a consequence of the invention, the rotationofthe magneto timer plate to advance the spark automatically rotates thestop 11 to enable the fuel intake poppet valve 5| to open wider foralonger period of time, speeding up the engine. The rotation of themagneto timer plate 85 in the reverse or clockwise direction retards thespark and at the Sametime automatically screws the stop pin 15 inward tonarrow the gap Ibetween its end 16 and the inner end 6B"of"the poppetvalve 5|, narrowing the range of motion and consequently the time ofmotion of the poppetfvalve 5L* This action decreases the amount ofjcharge entering the intake chamber 28 per revolution of the crankshaft88 and consequently reduces the speed of theengine. Thus, the control ofthe" timing of the spark by the magneto time-r plate 65 automaticallycontrols the quantity of lfuel "charge entering `the ycrankcase chamber65` and` hence the speed of the engineis controlledautomatically alongwith the spark timing. `lihilewe have shown and described our inventionin detail, it is to be understood `that the same is to be limited only'by the appended claims, for many-changes may be made without departingfrom the spirit and scope of ourinyfention.

AWhatwe claim is: h, 1. Aninternal combustion engine comprising ahousing, a cylinder,` a shaft rotatably mounted insaid housing, a pistonreciprocably mounted inl said cylinder, motionfconverting mechanismoperatively interconnecting saidpiston and said shaftfor converting thereciprocatory motion Aof said piston to rotary motion of said shaft; `anignition system connected` to said cylinder and including ignition timerwith a spark advance adji`is`ter,` a` fuel intake passageway connectedtosaid` housing, `a liquid fuel and air mixer conh nectejdto` saidpassageway, avalve in saidpas` sag'eway opening into said housing, andmovable storymechanism` engageable with said valve to limiththe extentto which said valve can open and operatively connecting saidvalvel withsaid adjuster, said movable stop mechanism being responsive to the sparkadvance motion of said adjuster for increasing `the extentto which saidvalve can open. h

2. l.An internal combustion engine comprising a housingia oylinder, ashaft rotatably mounted in saidhousing, a pistonreciprocably mounted insaidfcylinder, motion-converting mechanism operativelyinterconnectingsaid' piston and said shaft for converting the reciprocatory niotionofv`l saidpiston to rotary lmotion of said shaftjanj ignitionsystemconnectedto said cylinder and including1an,ignition` timer with. a spark,advance adjuster, a' fuel i intake passageway -connected to saidhousing, -a liquid fuel and air mixer connected to said passageway, favalve-in said 'passageway opening into. saidhousing, 1.a valve motion-limiting 'device engageable with-said valve, and-mechanismoperatively connecting said device withsaid adjuster for shiftingsaid`device in response-tothe shiftingfof said adjuster.

3. Anv internal combustion engine comprising afhousing, a cylindenashaft rotatably mounted in .said housing, a. piston ,reciprocablymounted insaid cyl-inder, lmot-ion-converting mechanismoperatively'interconnecting said piston and said shafitffor convertingthereciprocatory motion of said. piston to Vrotary mot-ion of saidshaft, an ignition system .connected tosaid `cylinder' and including anignition timer with a spark advance adjuster, a fuel intake passagewayconnected to saidhousing, a liquid fuel yand -air mixer `connestedto-saidpassageway, a valve in said passageway -ffopening into saidhousing, -a movable stopgengageable With'said valve for adjustabiylimi-tingxthe range -ofopen-ing thereof, andmechanism operativelyconnecting said stopwith said adjuster for :shifting ,said stop inresponse' to the,

anignitionsystem..,connected to said cylinder and including an ignitiontimer withaf spark advance adjuster, aifuelintake passageway. connectedto` saidhousing, a liquid fuel `and air mixer-connected to saidpassageway, a valve in said pas-l sageway. openingv into Vsaid housing,ka movable stop engageable with said valve for adjustably limiting .therangesofA opening thereof, and mechanism responsiveto the shifting ofsaid adjuster in a .-.sparkadvancing direction for shifting said stop.in a direction 'increasing said range of valve opening.

5. An internal combustion .engine comprising a housing, a cylinder, ashaft rotatablymounted in said housing, a piston reciprocably mounted insaid cylinder, motion-converting mechanismoperatively,interconnectingsaid piston and said shaft for converting the reciprocatory motionv ofsaid .pistonto rotary motion of `said shaft, an ignition systemconnected to said cylinder and including an ignition timer with a sparkadvance adjuster, a ,fuel intake passageway connected to said housing, aliquid fuel and air mixer connected to said passageway, a valve inV saidpassageway opening into said housing, a screwthreaded rotarystopengageable with said valve for adjustably limiting the yrange of openingthereof, and mechanism responsive to the shifting of said adjuster in asparkk advancing direction for rotating said stop in a directionincreasing said range of valve opening.

6. An internal combustion engine comprising a housing, a cylinder, ashaft rotatably mounted in said housing, a piston. reciprocably mountedin vsaid cylinder, motion-converting mechanism operativelyinterconnecting said piston and said shaft for `converting thereciprocatorymotion of said pstonto. rotary motion .of .said shaft, anignition system `connectedtosaid cylinder and including an ignitiontimer with a spark advance-adiustenna fuel intake ,passageway connected`to'saidhousing, a liquid'ffuel and rair mixer connectedtofsaidrpassagewa-y, a yielding-lyy urged poppet valve insaid passagewayopening.

into said'housingend mechanism operatively. connecting said valveWith-said adjuster `and responsive `to the spark advancevmotion of saidlsai'dfpiston to rotary motion of said shaft, lan

ignition `system connected to said cylinder and includinganignitiontimerwith a spark advance adjuster, a, fuel` intake passageway connectedto said housing, a liquid fuel and air mixer connected tofsaidpassageway, a valve in said passageway opening intosaid housing, saidmixer including `a `liquid fuel injector, and movable stop rmecl'ianisrnengagea/ble with said valve to limitfthe extent to which said valve canopen and operatively connecting said valve with said adjuster, saidmovable stop mechanism being responsive to the spark advance .motion .ofsaid adjuster for increasing the extent to which said valvecanfopen.

-8.An internal combustion engine comprising ahousing, a cylinder,ashaft'rotatably'mounted in .-sai'dlhousing, a piston reciprocablymounted in saidfcyl-inder, motion-converting mechanism operativelyinterconnecting said piston `and said shaft for converting the*.reciprocatorymotion of saidpiston to rotary motion of said shaft, anignition timer Awith a spark advance adjuster, a-fuel inta-ke passagewayconnected to saidhousing, aliquid; fuel. and ai-r mixer connected .tosaid i passageway, avalve in said passagewayropening intosaid housing,saidA mixer includinga liquid fuel injector `discharging into the valveseat of said valve, and mechanism-operatively connecting said-valve withlsaid. adjuster and responsive to `:thefspark advance motion of saidadjuster for increasing'theiopening range lof said valve.

-9..An internal combustionV engine comprising avhousing, a cylinder, arshaft rotatably mounted in said housing, apiston reciprocably mounted inisaid cylinder, motion-converting mechanism operatively Vinterconnectingsaid piston and said shaft: for converting thereciprocatory motion ofsaid piston to rotary motionV of said shaft, an ignition tin- 1er with aspark advance adjuster, a fuel intake passagewayconnected to saidhousing, a ,liquid fuel and air mixer connected to rsaid passageway, aValve in said passageway opening yinto said housing, said mixerincluding a rotaryair Vcontroller having a plurality of air inlet yportstherethrough, .andmechanism operatively connecting said valve with saidadjuster andresponsive to the 1spark advance motion of saidaadjuster forincreasing the opening range of said valve.

l0. An internal combustion engine comprising ahousing, a cylinder, ashaft rotatably mounted in-said housing, a piston reciprocably mountedin saidl cylinder, motion-converting mechanism operativelyinterconnecting saidpiston and said shaftfor converting thereciprocatory motion .of said piston Yto rotary vmotionof said shaft, anignition timer with a spark advance adjuster, 4a fuel intake passagewayconnected to `said housing, .aliquidfueland yair `x'nixer connected vtosaidpassageway, a valve in 4said passageway opening intosaidlhouslngisaidiueluntake pas,-

controller` having a 1 plurality?` oftair @inlet ports alignablefwwith;and@ movable relatiyelyrito, said ain` :inlet passageways tov vary theeffective inlet areas thereof, i and'` `mechanism operatively`connecting i said y, ivalve with saidp adjusterI 3, and responsive totne; sparkadvance motion of Said `adjuster for increasingtlierullerilngrange,` of `said Valve. y ,Wip "l NW ,f u,

`11. An `internal,combustionengi emerging a :housing a `eylirwlerashattreteteblr meunied in` said fhousing, a l piston reciprocably,mounted in i, `said cylinder,` motiongccnverting mechanism operativelyintereonrieetine,seidfnist ,shaitfor eenverting thereeiproeatorymetienef saidvpiston to `rotary motionvv of; said shaft,- an ignition timerwithgagspark l,advance adjuster,` a fuel intake;passagewayrconnected tosaid housing, a liquid fuel and airgmlxer connected to said passageway,a valve in said passageway opening into said: housing.; saidlfuelintakepassageway including a pluralityvof air iinlet passageways and saidmixerincludinga iquid fuel injector and a rotary air controllerhaving aplurality of air inlet portsilalig'nable" with and movable relativelytosaid airdnlet passagewaysr. to varythe" effective inlet ar" thereof,and`mech` anism, operatively "connecting `s id valveiwitli` `saidadjuster and responsive'to th "sparkgadvane motionof said adjuster for"increasing the operiing range of said valve. i

12. An internal combustion engine comprising a housing, a cylinder, ashaft rotatably mounted in said housing, a piston reciprocably mountedin said cylinder, motion-converting mechanism operativelyinterconnecting said piston and said shaft for converting thereciprocatory motion of` said piston to rotary motion of said shaft, anignition timer with a spark advance adjuster, a fuel intake passagewayconnected to said `housing, a liquid fuel and air mixer connected tosaid passageway, a valve in said `passageway opening into said housing.said fuel intake passageway including a plurality of air inletpassageways and said mixer including aliquid fue] injector discharginginto the valve seat of said valve and a rotary air controller having aplurality of air inlet ports alignable with and movable relatively tosaid air inlet passageways to vary the effective inlet areas thereof,and mechanism operatively vin said cylinder, motion-converting`mechanism operatively interconnecting said piston and said shaft forconverting the reciprocatory motion of `said piston to rotary motion ofsaid shaft, an

ignition system connected to said cylinder and including an ignitiontimer with a spark advance adjuster, a fuel intake passageway connectedto said housing, a liquid fuel and air mixer connected to saidpassageway, a valve in said passageway opening into said housing, saidmixer including a liquid fuel injector discharging into `the lvalve seatof said valve, a movable stop engageable with said valve for adjustablylimiting the range of opening thereof. and mechanism operativelyconnecting said stop with said adjuster for shlftin' `if) .saidwstopinresponseito the shifting ofsaidadjuster. i, i 14fpAninternalcombustion engine comprising a housing, i a cylinder," a i shaft`rotatably mounted insaidhousing, a piston reciprocably mounted in i Sad`Cylinder, `Incation-converting mechanismfop- `eratively,interconnecting;l said l ,pistong and `said ,shaft` for converting; thereciprocatory motion ,owfsaid` piston` toxrotary, motion of said shaft,an `ignitiun ,system1 ccmnecteqdI `to said ,i cylinder and `including anignition timeriwith a spark advance ediustema `fuel 1 `intake passagewayconnected `to saidhousing,a liquid fuelfand air mixer con,-,neetedftattici-passageway.: avalve insadfpassageway m, opening into,said,` housing, `said `mixer including au liquid `fuel injectordischarging into the valve yseat of saidv valve, a` `movable stop engageable` with `said valve :for adjustably limitingtherange of opening`thereof, and mechanism responsive; ,to the shifting ,of` said adjusterin a spark advancing directionfor shifting said stop in adirectionincreasing said range of valve @nu internal combustion engine comprisinghousing, acylinder, a shaft rotatably mounted inisaid housing,"afupiston reciprocably mounted in, cylinder,` motion-convertingmechanism operativelyinterconnecting said piston and `said rshaft for`converting `the reciprocatory motion` of said `piston"terotarymotion ofsaid`s`haft,.an ignitionHsystennconnected; to said cylinder andincluding an ignitin timer with aspark advance adjuster, a fuel intake`passageway connected to said housing, a liquid fuel and air mixerconnected to said passageway, a valve in said passageway opening intosaid housing, said mixer including a liquid fuel injector discharginginto the valve seat of said valve, a screw-threaded rotarystopengageable with said valve for adjustably limiting the range ofopening thereof, and mechanism responsive to the shifting of saidadjuster in a spark advancing direction for rotating said stop in adirection increasing said range of valve opening.

16. A speed controller for an internal combustion engine of the typehaving an explosion cham- Iber connected to a fuel charge intake chamberwith an intake passageway and an ignition system connected to saidexplosion chamber and including an ignition timer with a spark advanceadjuster, said speed controller comprising a liquid fuel and air mixerconnected to said passageway, a valve in said passageway opening intosaid intake chamber, and movable stop mechanism engageable with saidvalve to limit the extent to which said valve can open and operativelyconnecting said valve with said adjuster, said movable stop mechanismbeing responsive to spark advance motion of said adjuster for in-`creasing theextent to which said valve can open.

17. A speed controller for an internal combastion engine of the typehaving an explosion chamber connected toa fuel charge intake chamberwith an intake passageway and an ignition system connected to saidexplosion chamber and including an ignition timer with a spark advanceadjuster, said speed controller comprising a liquid fuel and :air mixerconnected to said passageway, a valve in said passageway opening intosaid intake chambena movable stop engageable with said valve foradjustably limiting the range of opening thereof, and mechanismoperatively connecting said stop with said adjuster for shifting rsaiiclf stop- .in responso tothelsniting vois swidi` jusiger.

118; A y Spee@ .controller` {o1-wan internal 'z aonib/ustionl engineoithe type having'- ain-explosion enamlieif connected to" a. Y fuel-=cha-nge Airitiikeelia/mbar withanintakepass-agewayjandan--igniisionisysiiem connected 15ol solidexp1osion'ehaafmbei'andinoluding-.an ignition timer withal, sparkffadvanqe-afdfuel andairmixer lconnected to said passageway, af Valvein said VpzissagevwayYai.f eriirig I into' saidf-i-ntakechamber; a movable stop engageablewith said valveior 'adjustafbIy--limiting-tiierangi of openingthereof,and mechanism responsive tu the shifting ofso/'iai *matiz-)filsterq inaispg-rkndvgning diiectioni-fonfshifting -sgid'stop in af-directionincreasing saidfrvainge (of:4 valvev opening-l 19& Aspeedlcontrollenfior an internal combustion# engine of; the isypevhaving an explosion

